Category: MIL-OSI

class=”has-text-align-left”>On All-Saints’ Day, the First Lady and I join Christians across our Nation in celebrating the saints who have gone before us and now share in the glory of God.  Their examples remind us that the strength of our country rests in the goodness of its people—and that through faith and virtue, our Nation can endure in liberty and truth.

From our earliest days, the United States has drawn inspiration from holy men and women whose witness shaped our people and deepened our faith.  The Blessed Virgin Mary, Patroness of the United States, has long been honored as a symbol of grace for our country.  Saint Frances Xavier Cabrini poured out her life in service to the most poor and needy among us; Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton formed generations through her schools of faith and learning; and Saint John Neumann led his flock with humility, courage, and unrelenting devotion.  Their example, and those of all the saints, demonstrates that faith transforms nations as surely as it transforms hearts.

Our country has long cherished the freedom of religion that allows faith such as theirs to flourish.  My Administration is committed to defending this sacred right, upholding the freedom of every believer to worship, speak, and live according to their beliefs.  We are standing firm against those who seek to persecute or marginalize people of faith, protecting churches, schools, and communities from religious discrimination, and ensuring that Christian values maintain their rightful place at the center of American life.  As we remember the perfect example of Christ and the legacy of His saints, we renew our promise to live as one Nation under God, defending liberty, seeking justice, and striving always toward the good that His truth reveals.

Tomorrow, on All Souls’ Day, Christians will remember all those who have entered the eternal sleep of peace.  Today, the faithful honor the saints who light the path toward Christ and call our Nation to holiness.  May their example guide our Republic forward in faith, hope, and freedom.

REBALANCING TRADE WITH CHINA: This week in the Republic of Korea, President Donald J. Trump reached a trade and economic deal with President Xi Jinping of China—a massive victory that safeguards U.S. economic strength and national security while putting American workers, farmers, and families first.

• This historic agreement includes Chinese commitments to:
  • Halt the flow of precursors used to make fentanyl into the United States.
  • Effectively eliminate China’s current and proposed export controls on rare earth elements and other critical minerals.
  • End Chinese retaliation against U.S. semiconductor manufacturers and other major U.S. companies.
  • Open China’s market to U.S. soybeans and other agricultural exports. 

CHINESE ACTIONS:

• China will suspend the global implementation of the expansive new export controls on rare earths and related measures that it announced on October 9, 2025. 
• China will issue general licenses valid for exports of rare earths, gallium, germanium, antimony, and graphite for the benefit of U.S. end users and their suppliers around the world. The general license means the de facto removal of controls China imposed in April 2025 and October 2022.
• China will take significant measures to end the flow of fentanyl to the United States. Specifically, China will stop the shipment of certain designated chemicals to North America and strictly control exports of certain other chemicals to all destinations in the world.
• China will suspend all of the retaliatory tariffs that it has announced since March 4, 2025.  This includes tariffs on a vast swath of U.S. agricultural products: chicken, wheat, corn, cotton, sorghum, soybeans, pork, beef, aquatic products, fruits, vegetables, and dairy products.
• China will suspend or remove all of the retaliatory non-tariff countermeasures taken against the United States since March 4, 2025, including China’s listing of certain American companies on its end user and unreliable entity lists.
• China will purchase at least 12 million metric tons (MMT) of U.S. soybeans during the last two months of 2025 and also purchase at least 25 MMT of U.S. soybeans in each of 2026, 2027, and 2028.  Additionally, China will resume purchases of U.S. sorghum and hardwood logs.
• China will take appropriate measures to ensure the resumption of trade from Nexperia’s facilities in China, allowing production of critical legacy chips to flow to the rest of the world.
• China will remove measures it took in retaliation for the U.S.’s announcement of a Section 301 investigation on China’s Targeting the Maritime, Logistics, and Shipbuilding Sectors for Dominance, and remove sanctions imposed on various shipping entities.
• China will further extend the expiration of its market-based tariff exclusion process for imports from the United States and exclusions will remain valid until December 31, 2026.
• China will terminate its various investigations targeting U.S. companies in the semiconductor supply chain, including its antitrust, anti-monopoly, and anti-dumping  investigations.

AMERICAN ACTIONS:

• The United States will lower the tariffs on Chinese imports imposed to curb fentanyl flows by removing 10 percentage points of the cumulative rate, effective November 10, 2025, and will maintain its suspension of heightened reciprocal tariffs on Chinese imports until November 10, 2026.  (The current 10% reciprocal tariff will remain in effect during this suspension period.)
• The United States will further extend the expiration of certain Section 301 tariff exclusions, currently due to expire on November 29, 2025, until November 10, 2026.
• The United States will suspend for one year, starting on November 10, 2025, the implementation of the interim final rule titled Expansion of End-User Controls to Cover Affiliates of Certain Listed Entities.
• The United States will suspend for one year, starting on November 10, 2025, implementation of the responsive actions taken pursuant to the Section 301 investigation on China’s Targeting the Maritime, Logistics, and Shipbuilding Sectors for Dominance.  In the meantime, the United States will negotiate with China pursuant to Section 301 while continuing its historic cooperation with the Republic of Korea and Japan on revitalizing American shipbuilding.

SECURING ANOTHER WIN FOR THE AMERICAN PEOPLE: This trade and economic deal caps President Trump’s successful trip to Asia, where he delivered a series of historic wins for the American people.

• In Malaysia, President Trump signed Agreements on Reciprocal Trade with Malaysia and Cambodia, and the United States announced joint frameworks for trade negotiations with Thailand and Vietnam. He also signed critical minerals cooperation agreements with Thailand and Malaysia.
• In Japan, President Trump announced major projects advancing Japan’s previous $550 billion investment commitment to the United States to further revitalize the U.S. industrial base, signed a landmark critical minerals agreement with Japan, secured historic purchases of U.S. energy from Japan, and deepened U.S.-Japan cooperation to combat illegal drug trafficking.
• In the Republic of Korea, the President secured billions in landmark commitments, including investments to support American jobs, further America’s energy dominance, promote American leadership in the technology revolution, and build the U.S.-Korea maritime partnership. 

class=”has-text-align-left”>Today, we celebrate the 290th birthday of President John Adams, a Founding Father whose intellect, integrity, and devotion to country helped secure America’s independence and strengthen the foundation of our Republic.

Born in colonial Massachusetts, John Adams grew up with a deep and abiding faith, hard work ethic, and commitment to civic virtue.  He became a respected lawyer known for his sharp mind, dedication to fairness, and courage.  Those same principles guided him to defend the Redcoats after the Boston Massacre, to serve as a delegate to both Continental Congresses, and to stand among the first to call for independence from Britain.  Adams’s influence continued with his drafting of Massachusetts’s Constitution—a document of tremendous importance in its day—and his successful diplomatic missions in Europe and Britain, which supported the American war effort and helped bring the American Revolution to its victorious conclusion.    

As our Nation’s second President, John Adams strengthened the Navy, protected American sovereignty, and defended our national interests amid global pressures.  He oversaw the move of the Federal Government to Washington, D.C., helping transform revolutionary ideals into a working system of self-government.  Through his firm leadership and unwavering resolve, he made certain that the liberty won by the Patriots of the Revolution would endure for all generations.

President Adams believed deeply in the rule of law, the importance of education, and the duty of every citizen to defend the cause of freedom.  Although he faced fierce opposition, he never wavered in putting country before politics. 

As we prepare to celebrate 250 years of American independence, my Administration continues to advance many of the same ideals President Adams fought for.  We have renamed the Department of Defense to the Department of War to honor our Nation’s history of military might and to reaffirm America’s unmatched strength in the world.  We are restoring the sacred principle of equal justice under the law by rebalancing the scales of justice in our Nation’s halls of power—and we are standing up for America’s longstanding traditions of prayer, faith, and trust in God.  We also continue to advance a foreign policy of peace through strength that puts our citizens, our values, and our Nation first. 

On this day, we celebrate a man whose conviction helped give birth to the greatest Nation in history.  May we carry forward President Adams’ legacy of strength, duty, and love of country as we work to continue ushering in the Golden Age of America.

SECURING BILLIONS IN EXPORTS AND INVESTMENTS:  Today,President Donald J. Trump completed the final stop of his historic Indo-Pacific trip, securing billions in landmark deals while visiting the Republic of Korea (ROK), including initiatives to support American jobs, further America’s energy dominance, promote American leadership in the technology revolution, and build our maritime partnership.  

• Korean Air will purchase 103 new Boeing aircraft valued at $36.2 billion, supporting up to 135,000 jobs across the United States.  To power these new aircraft, Korean Air will also purchase state-of-the-art GE Aerospace engines in a separate deal valued at $13.7 billion. 
• The ROK Air Force selected L3Harris Technologies to develop its new Airborne Warning and Control aircraft in a $2.3 billion deal that will support over 6,000 American jobs.
• America’s ReElement Technologies and POSCO International will partner to launch a U.S.-based, vertically integrated rare earth separation, refining, and magnet production complex focused on high-value mobility magnets.

FURTHERING AMERICA’S ENERGY DOMINANCE:  The President secured key investments further solidifying the United States’ position as the global energy leader.

• The Korea Gas Corporation signed agreements to purchase about 3.3 million tons/year of U.S. LNG via long-term agreements with sellers, including Trafigura and TotalEnergy, through their portfolios and offtake agreements with U.S. LNG producers like Cheniere. 

• Centrus Energy Corp, KHNP, and POSCO International Corporation agreed to support the expansion of Centrus’ uranium enrichment capacity in Piketon, Ohio, creating 3,000 jobs in the United States.
• LS Group pledged to invest $3 billion by 2030 in U.S. power-grid infrastructure, including undersea cables, power equipment, and winding wires.  LS Cable’s U.S. subsidiary, LS Greenlink, is building a $681 million manufacturing facility in Virginia. 

PROMOTING AMERICA’S ADVANTAGE IN THE TECHNOLOGY REVOLUTION: The President strengthened America’s leading role in the digitized economy by boosting investments and jobs in, and access to, U.S. technology.

• The United States and the ROK are signing a Technology Prosperity Deal to expand bilateral science and technology cooperation with an emphasis on U.S. AI exports, AI standards, AI adoption, research security, 6G, biotech supply chains, and quantum innovation.

• Amazon will invest $5 billion through 2031 to build the ROK’s cloud infrastructure, helping drive U.S. exports and American AI leadership.  This comes on top of Amazon Web Services’ (AWS’) historic cloud-infrastructure investments across 14 APEC economies during the President’s term, totaling $40 billion.
• NASA’s Artemis II mission will take astronauts around the Moon for the first time since Apollo, and deploy a Korean satellite to measure space radiation.
• Both countries committed to stabilize and diversify the critical-mineral supply chain through public-private collaboration in the mining and refining of such minerals.

BUILDING OUR MARITIME PARTNERSHIP:  The President has secured from the ROK investments to modernize and expand the capacity of American shipbuilding industries, including through investments in U.S. shipyards and America’s workforce.

• HD Hyundai and Cerberus Capital Management will partner on a $5 billion investment program for modernizing American shipyards, strengthening supply chains, and applying new technologies like autonomous navigation, digitalization, and automation. 
• Samsung Heavy Industries and Vigor Marine Group will cooperate on naval vessel maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO), shipyard automation, and new construction of U.S.-flagged vessels.
• Hanwha Ocean announced a $5 billion infrastructure plan to strengthen Pennsylvania’s Philly Shipyard workforce and increase its current production capacity by more than ten-fold.

REESTABLISHING AMERICAN LEADERSHIP: President Trump’s State Visit to Korea reaffirmed the steadfast alliance between the United States and the ROK, while advancing U.S. economic interests—delivering tangible benefits for the American people. 

• This capstone stop on President Trump’s Asia travels underscored America’s prominent role as the preeminent Pacific power. 
• Today’s announcements build on the historic trade victories and infrastructure commitments the President secured while in Japan and Malaysia, bringing billions in investments and thousands of jobs home to America.

As part of President Trump’s trip to Asia, the United States signed Technology Prosperity Deals (TPD) with Japan and Korea, expanding, strengthening, and focusing science and technology collaboration with key allies. Building on the success of the U.S.-United Kingdom TPD signed in September 2025, these bilateral agreements further enable U.S. engagement with Japan and Korea’s unique science and technology ecosystems to align regulatory and standards approaches, accelerate research and development, and strengthen national security.

“The Trump Administration is redefining American technological leadership by driving bilateral collaborative partnerships with allies like Japan and Korea. Each Technology Prosperity Deal offers great opportunities to accelerate scientific discovery and lead the world into a new era of innovation driven by the US and our partners,” said Michael Kratsios, Assistant to the President and Director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy.

The U.S.-Japan Technology Prosperity Deal, signed by Director Kratsios and Japanese Minister of State for Science and Technology Policy Onoda Kimi, will deepen cooperation to drive breakthroughs in AI, quantum computing, biotechnology, space, 6G, and fusion energy.

• The U.S.-Japan TPD will advance American interests through coordinated U.S.-Japanese AI exports. This will strengthen technology protections and refocus the partnership between the U.S. Center for AI Standards and Innovation and the Japan AI Safety Institute on metrology and standards innovation. 
• The U.S.-Japan TPD also advances joint efforts to secure the innovation ecosystem, with particular focus on research security, resilient biotechnology and pharmaceutical supply chains, and protection of quantum technologies.
• The U.S.-Japan TPD advances strategic interests of the United States in space, 6G, and fusion technologies with a critical ally in the region.
  • Space: This collaboration recognizes and expands Japan’s commitment to the Artemis program, including future lunar surface exploration missions and development of commercial space capabilities.
  • 6G: This partnership enables both countries to promote secure and trusted networks.
  • Fusion: This partnership advances American collaboration with Japan’s unique fusion energy facilities, including the JT-60SA tokamak, with goals to support continued development of commercial fusion reactors.

The U.S.-Republic of Korea Technology Prosperity Deal was signed by Director Kratsios and Korean Minister of Science, Information, and Communication Technology Bae Kyung-hoon to affirm the commitment of the two nations to science and technology collaboration.

• The U.S. will work with Korean counterparts to reduce operational burdens for technology companies and digital application platforms, with particular attention to removing barriers to innovative data localization hosting architectures.
• The U.S.-Korea TPD will advance American interests with coordinated U.S.-Republic of Korea AI exports, strengthening both countries’ export controls and enforcement, and refocusing the partnership between the U.S. Center for AI Standards and Innovation and the Korea AI Safety Institute on metrology and standards innovation. 
• The U.S.-Korea TPD also advances combined efforts to secure the innovation ecosystem, with particular focus on research security, resilient biotechnology and pharmaceutical supply chains, and protecting quantum technologies.
• The U.S.-Korea TPD advances strategic interests of the U.S. in space exploration and 6G telecommunications, working to partner with Korea as a critical ally in the region.
• The two nations also agreed to engage in discussions to promote AI education programs, to empower children to flourish in the digital era and prepare future generations for the workplace of tomorrow. These will include participation in the Fostering the Future Together global initiative established by First Lady Melania Trump.

The Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Republic of Korea (hereinafter referred to as the “Participants”),
 
Expressing mutual interest in science and technology capabilities and standards to usher in the next Golden Age of Innovation to fortify freedom and prosperity for generations to come,
 
Affirming the value of bilateral science and technology collaboration to enrich the lives and livelihoods of citizens in both countries, and to elevate the U.S.-ROK Alliance to a higher level, and
 
Recognizing the importance of deepening ties with strategic partners across the Pacific as a means to strengthen stability in the region,
 
Have reached the following understandings:

I. Purpose
The purpose of this Memorandum of Understanding (hereinafter “MOU”) is to enable collaboration towards joint opportunities of mutual interest in strategic science and technology disciplines.

II. Areas of Cooperation
The Participants aim to collaborate in a number of disciplines, including but not limited to the following:

Accelerating AI Adoption and Innovation
AI promises a new Golden Age of Innovation by empowering individuals and supercharging progress across sectors like healthcare, advanced manufacturing, and education. The Participants intend to collaborate closely on developing pro-innovation AI policy frameworks, promoting the export of trusted AI technology stacks, developing AI-ready datasets, strengthening the enforcement of technology protection measures, advancing shared work on industry standards, and fostering our children’s digital wellbeing. Focus areas for collaboration are intended to include:

• Driving innovative research and development to accelerate the application of AI for science, advanced manufacturing, biotechnology, and related fields, including through use-inspired research opportunities, such as those supported through the U.S. National Science Foundation, the National Research Foundation of Korea, Institute of Information and Communication Technology Planning and Evaluation, and other relevant science funders;
• Championing pro-innovation AI policy frameworks and efforts to support AI technology adoption;
• Working together to promote U.S. and Korean AI exports across the full stack of AI hardware, models, software, applications, and standards;
• Exploring collaboration on AI export deals across Asia and beyond to drive the adoption of a shared AI ecosystem in the region;
• Partnering to strengthen the enforcement of existing AI compute protection measures and to discuss the alignment of protection measures for critical and emerging technologies;
• Promoting mutual understanding of guidelines and frameworks for AI adoption from the respective Participants, to foster the harmonization of practices that encourage interoperability;
• Collaborating to reduce operational burdens for innovators and technology companies, with particular attention to removing barriers to innovative, trusted, and privacy-preserving data hosting architectures, and ensuring a conducive environment for digital application platforms;
• Advancing and refocusing the partnership between the U.S. Center for AI Standards and Innovation and the Korea AI Safety Institute towards a shared mission to promote secure AI innovation, including through working towards best practices in metrology for AI, industry standards development, and improving understanding of both advanced AI models and sector-specific applications to drive continued AI adoption; and
• Engaging in discussions to promote education, innovation, and technology for children to flourish in the digital era and prepare future generations for the workplace of tomorrow, including by participating in the Fostering the Future Together global initiative established by First Lady Melania Trump.

Trusted Technology Leadership
The Participants intend to enhance longstanding collaboration on key technologies and practices to enable technology leadership in the global arena, including:

• Research Security
  Recognizing the importance of shared research security across critical and emerging technology research and development, the Participants intend to deepen collaboration to protect their technologies and their people. The Participants intend to collaborate on research security and identify and mitigate threats to the research enterprise including: supporting capacity building for universities, research organizations, and industry; strengthening collaboration in threat analysis in key technology areas; and leading allies and partners to adopt similarly rigorous practices to facilitate a trusted ecosystem of innovation.
• Advanced Radio Access Networks and 6G
  Expanding their partnership in telecommunications innovation and supply chain resilience, the Participants intend to collaborate on building a trusted, interoperable supply chain and enable joint research and development in 6G-relevant technologies. This work is intended to be supported by joint efforts in standards bodies and partnership with industry to shape global telecommunications standards in line with the Participants’ shared priorities.
• Securing Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology Supply Chains
  Highlighting the need to secure their mutual pharmaceutical and biotechnology supply chains, intellectual property, and innovation ecosystem, the Participants intend to accelerate progress towards the identification and remediation of vulnerabilities. The Participants intend to collaborate on supply chain security throughout all phases of research and development and across academic, government, and industry stakeholders, including contract research organizations and contract development and manufacturing organizations, to support resilient and healthy economies.
• Leading Quantum Innovation
  Positioning the Participants to be at the forefront of quantum innovation while safeguarding critical capabilities, the Participants intend to advance trusted and interoperable standards for quantum technologies, deepen partnerships between leading quantum institutions, and secure the quantum supply chain to foster a robust and reliable quantum ecosystem.
• Basic Research and STEM Exchange
  The Participants intend to strengthen the foundation for bilateral science and technology cooperation by expanding participation and collaboration in large-scale projects and actively supporting exchanges and collaborative activities among researchers of both sides, with a view to promoting the advancement of fundamental science and technology.
• Cooperating on Space Exploration
  Recognizing that research and development investments in space, including building capacity for human missions to the Moon and Mars, contribute to civilian mission needs, the Participants intend to continue their partnership in civil space and on aeronautics, science, and human exploration. Areas of collaboration include future Artemis contributions, a Korean cubesat rideshare on Artemis II, NASA’s Commercial Lunar Payload Services, the development of the Korea Positioning System to ensure compatibility and maximum interoperability with GPS, and fostering partnerships for the development and operation of Commercial Low Earth Orbit Destinations.

III. Operation and Discontinuation

This MOU becomes operative on the date of the last signature. The Participants may modify this MOU by written mutual decision. Either Participant may discontinue this MOU by providing written notice of discontinuation to the other Participant. The discontinuation is expected to commence on a date 180 days after the date on which notice of discontinuation is delivered.  The Participants will advance the implementation of the MOU through the Joint Committee Meeting mechanism.

This MOU does not constitute or create and is not intended to constitute or create any legally binding obligations. Nothing in this MOU is intended to alter or affect any existing agreements between the Participants. Cooperation under this MOU is intended to take place within the framework of applicable national legislation and international obligations. Nothing in this MOU commits the Participants to the expenditure of funds.

The foregoing represents the understanding reached between the Participants on the matters referred to in this MOU.

Signed in duplicate, in the English language.

EXPANDING THE U.S. INDUSTRIAL BASE AND SECURING OUR SUPPLY CHAINS: Today in Tokyo, President Donald J. Trump announced major projects advancing Japan’s previous $550 billion investment commitment to the United States to further revitalize the U.S. industrial base, signed a landmark critical minerals agreement with Japan, secured historic purchases of U.S. energy, and deepened U.S.-Japan cooperation in combatting illegal drug trafficking.

STRENGTHENING U.S. MANUFACTURING AND EXPORTS: President Trump and Japan’s Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi conducted a signing ceremony memorializing the U.S.-Japan Framework Agreement. As part of this agreement, Japan and various Japanese companies have outlined their commitments to pursuing the following investments.

• Critical Energy Infrastructure Investments:
  • Up to $332 billion to support critical energy infrastructure in the United States, including the construction of AP1000 and small modular reactors (SMRs), in partnership with Westinghouse; construction of SMRs in collaboration with GE Vernova and Hitachi; the supply of large-scale baseload power infrastructure from ENTRA1 Energy; engineering, procurement, and other services to build critical power plants, substations, and transmission systems in collaboration with Bechtel and Kiewit; other services for design, procurement, and maintenance of large-scale power infrastructure in collaboration with SoftBank Group Corp.; and natural gas transmission and power infrastructure services in collaboration with Kinder Morgan.
  • Up to $25 billion to supply large-scale power equipment such as gas turbines, steam turbines, and generators for grid electrification and stabilization systems, including high-voltage direct current and substation solutions for mission-critical facilities in partnership with GE Vernova.
  • Up to $25 billion to supply electrical power modules, transformers, and other power-generation substation equipment in collaboration with Toshiba.
  • Up to $20 billion to supply thermal cooling systems and solutions, including chillers, air handling systems, and coolant distribution units essential for power infrastructure in partnership with Carrier.
• AI Infrastructure Investments:
  • Up to $30 billion in partnership with Mitsubishi Electric to supply power station systems and equipment for data centers, up to $25 billion in collaboration with TDK for advanced electronic components and power modules, and up to $20 billion with Fujikura to supply optical fiber cables.
• Electronics and Supply Chain Investments:
  • Up to $15 billion to produce advanced electronic components, including multilayer ceramic capacitors, inductors, and electromagnetic interference suppression filters, in partnership with Murata Manufacturing.
  • Up to $15 billion to supply energy storage systems and electronic devices and components in collaboration with Panasonic.
• Critical Minerals Investments:
  • Up to $3 billion to construct an ammonia and urea fertilizer facility in the United States and $2 billion to construct a copper smelting and refining facility in the western United States.
• Manufacturing and Logistics Investments:
  • $600 million to upgrade ports and waterways across the southern United States to facilitate the export of U.S. crude oil; $500 million to establish a high-pressure, high-temperature diamond grit manufacturing facility in the United States; and $350 million to construct a lithium-iron-phosphate production facility in the United States.
• Japan committed to further expand opportunities for U.S. exports, including:
  • Toyota plans to export its U.S.-made vehicles to Japan and open its distribution platform in Japan to U.S. automakers, as a result of Japan’s commitment to accept for sale in Japan U.S. manufactured and U.S. safety-certified vehicles without additional testing.
  • Japan will implement its Mobile Software Competition Act in a way that does not discriminate against U.S. companies, balances the need for fair and free competition with user safety and convenience, and respects the legitimate exercise of intellectual property rights.
• The United States and Japan signed a Memorandum of Cooperation (MOC) to expand shipbuilding capacity in both nations by aligning investment, procurement, workforce, and technology initiatives.

ENHANCING SUPPLY CHAIN RESILIENCE AND ECONOMIC SECURITY:

• President Trump and Prime Minister Takaichi signed a historic critical minerals agreement to further diversify our critical minerals supply chain. Today’s critical minerals agreement builds on similar deals President Trump has secured with foreign partners to strengthen America’s mineral supply chain resilience.
• The U.S. and Japan committed to strengthening and applying comprehensive mechanisms for reviewing inbound investment and addressing risks from outbound investments based on national security.
• Japan will pursue new sanctions frameworks to target vessels linked to shadow fleets and disrupt shadow fleet activity in close coordination with the United States and G7 partners.

FURTHERING AMERICA’S ENERGY OPPORTUNITY AND SECURITY: The United States and Japan announced record purchases of U.S. energy by Japan.

• Tokyo Gas and JERA, respectively, announced letters of intent with Glenfarne for LNG offtake from a pipeline proposed to be constructed in Alaska.  Japanese companies’ total offtake now represents more than 10% of the project’s export capacity.
• JERA announced a $1.5 billion investment in Louisiana’s Haynesville Shale basin—bringing its total U.S. investments to more than $6 billion.
• Global Coal Sales Group, LLC, announced a multi-year deal valued at over $100 million with Tohoku Electric Power for U.S.-sourced thermal coal.

• The United States welcomed Japan’s intention to promote early engagement among officials, regulators, utilities, and suppliers to ensure transparent and competitive procurement processes that create meaningful opportunities for U.S. industry participation in Japan’s nuclear decommissioning market.

STRENGTHENING DETERRENCE AND COMBATTING ILLEGAL DRUG TRAFFICKING President Trump and Prime Minister Takaichi committed to deepening the U.S.-Japan defense relationship and expanding efforts to address the global synthetic drug crisis.

• The United States welcomed Japan’s commitment to significantly increase defense capabilities. This commitment supports the U.S.-Japan Alliance’s goal of peace through strength by rapidly strengthening deterrence in the Indo-Pacific.
• The United States accelerated deliveries of Advanced Medium-Range Air-to-Air Missiles for Japan’s F-35 fighter jets, enhancing deterrence and burden sharing in the First Island Chain. The first tranche of accelerated missile deliveries occurred earlier this week.
• Both nations agreed to enhance cooperation through intelligence-sharing, risk profiling, and operational collaboration, and announced plans to amend their Customs Mutual Assistance Agreement (CMAA) to prevent, investigate, and repress customs law violations.

PROMOTING AMERICAN LEADERSHIP IN ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY: The United States and Japan committed to major agreements in science and technology.

• The United States and Japan signed an MOC for the U.S.-Japan Technology Prosperity Deal.
  • Both nations will cooperate to accelerate AI adoption and innovation by driving innovative research for applications in science, industry, and society, advancing pro-innovation AI policy frameworks, and promoting export.
  • Additional areas of collaboration include research security, 6G, pharmaceutical and biotechnology supply chains, quantum information science and technology, fusion energy, and space.

• Both countries affirmed the benefits of cloud technology for storing sensitive data and enabling modern cybersecurity tools.  The two sides will launch a working group composed of relevant government agencies to deepen mutual understanding on technical standards and requirements, including sharing U.S. experience and knowledge for secure and sovereign cloud development. The working group will invite Japanese and American firms, when necessary, to seek their expertise. 

THE DEALMAKER IN CHIEF: Today’s announcements reflect the strong and enduring relationship between the United States and Japan, while advancing the economic and national security interests of the American people.

• President Trump recognizes that Japan is one of America’s closest allies and most important trading partners, and he has worked to deepen this relationship.
• In July, President Trump announced a landmark economic and trade agreement with Japan, in which Japan agreed to invest $550 billion into American industries and pay a baseline 15% tariff rate.
• In September, President Trump signed an Executive Order implementing this framework agreement announced in July.
• Today’s Japan deals build on President Trump’s prior successes with Japan and Sunday’s Malaysia agreements, securing strong deals that benefit the American people.
•  With this Asia trip, President Trump is fostering broader regional cooperation, strengthening alliances, and expanding economic opportunities for American workers.

The Government of the United States of America, represented by the Office of Science and Technology Policy, and the Government of Japan, represented by the Cabinet Office of Japan for the purposes of Science and Technology Policy (hereinafter referred to collectively as the “Participants”);

Expressing mutual interest in science and technology capabilities and standards to usher in the next Golden Age of Innovation to fortify freedom and prosperity for generations to come;
Affirming the value of bilateral science and technology collaboration to enrich the lives and livelihoods of citizens in both countries;

Recognizing that the rapid advancement of cutting-edge science and technology – including artificial intelligence (AI), quantum technology, and biotechnology – has strategic implications for the future prosperity of our respective nations and underscores the importance of bilateral cooperation in these fields;

Noting the longstanding collaboration established under the existing Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Japan on Cooperation in Research and Development in Science and Technology;

Recognizing also the importance of deepening ties in science and technology with strategic partners across the Indo-Pacific as a means to strengthen stability in the region.

Have reached the following recognition:

I. Purpose
The purpose of this Memorandum of Cooperation (hereinafter “MOC”) is to strengthen collaboration towards joint opportunities of mutual interest in strategic science and technology disciplines.

II. Areas of Cooperation
The Participants intend to collaborate in a number of disciplines, including but not limited to the following:

Accelerating AI Adoption and Innovation
AI promises a new Golden Age of Innovation by empowering individuals and supercharging progress across sectors like healthcare, biotechnology, and education. The Participants intend to collaborate closely on promoting pro-innovation AI policy frameworks, promoting exports across our full AI stack, ensuring the rigorous enforcement of existing protection measures while acknowledging the importance of strengthening such measures related to critical and emerging technologies, advancing shared work on industry standards, and safeguarding our children’s digital wellbeing, with a shared commitment to promoting a secure and trustworthy AI ecosystem in a mutually beneficial manner. Focus areas for collaboration are intended to include:

• Driving innovative research to accelerate the application of AI for science, industry, and society through use-inspired initiatives supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, RIKEN, and other relevant research institutions and funders;
• Deepening cooperation to advance high-performance computing, leading-edge semiconductor technologies, and quantum computing that underpin the AI era to enhance the foundational infrastructure essential for AI performance and applications;
• Advancing pro-innovation AI policy frameworks and initiatives to support the adoption of a U.S. and Japan-led AI technology ecosystem;
• Promoting exports across the full stack of U.S. and Japanese AI infrastructure, hardware, models, software, applications, and related standards;
• Partnering to ensure the rigorous enforcement of existing protection measures, strengthen protection measures related to critical and sensitive technologies, and enhance supply chain resilience for the AI tech stack;
• Promoting mutual understanding of guidelines and frameworks for AI development and adoption from the respective Participants, with the goal of harmonizing practices as applicable to encourage interoperability;
• Advancing and refocusing the partnership between the U.S. Center for AI Standards and Innovation and the Japan AI Safety Institute towards a shared mission to promote AI innovation by fostering a secure and trustworthy AI ecosystem, including through working towards best practices in metrology for AI and industry standards development, improving understanding of both advanced AI models and sector-specific applications to drive continued AI adoption; and
• Promoting education, innovation, and technology for children to flourish in the digital era and preparing future generations for the workplace of tomorrow.

Trusted Technology Leadership
The Participants intend to enhance longstanding collaboration on key technologies and practices to enable technology leadership in the global arena, including:

• Research Security
  Recognizing the importance of shared research security goals across critical and emerging technology research and development, the Participants intend to deepen collaboration to protect their technologies and their people. The Participants intend to collaborate on research security and identify and mitigate threats to the research enterprise including through supporting capacity building for universities, research organizations, and industry; and collaborating with allies and partners to share similarly rigorous practices to facilitate a trusted ecosystem of innovation.
• Advanced Radio Access Networks, Beyond 5G/6G, and Connectivity
  Expanding their partnership in telecommunications innovation and supply chain resilience, the Participants intend to collaborate on building a trusted, interoperable supply chain, using advancements such as Open RAN and AI-RAN, through a partnership between the U.S. National Telecommunications and Information Administration and Japan’s Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. Participants also intend to collaborate on all-photonics networks and quantum networks, and to enable joint research and development in Beyond 5G/6G-relevant technologies through the U.S. National Science Foundation and Japan’s National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, and other relevant agencies. This work is intended to be supported by joint efforts in standards bodies and in close partnership with industry, including in open testbeds, to shape global telecommunications standards with the Participants’ shared priorities and accelerate trusted technology solutions to market. Recognizing Japan’s critical role as a connectivity hub between North America and Asia, the Participants intend to expand ongoing collaboration on submarine cables in the Indo-Pacific region.
• Securing Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology Supply Chains
  Highlighting the need to secure their mutual pharmaceutical and biotechnology supply chains, intellectual property, and innovation ecosystem, the Participants intend to accelerate progress towards the identification and remediation of vulnerabilities. The Participants intend to collaborate on supply chain security throughout all phases of development and across academic, government, and industry stakeholders, including contract research organizations and contract development and manufacturing organizations, to support resilient and healthy economies.
• Quantum Information Science and Technology (QIST)
  Recognizing the universe of possibilities that quantum technologies unlock, the Participants intend to collaborate through leading quantum institutions and national laboratories to assess quantum performance, develop quantum algorithms, overcome challenges for quantum technologies in real-world environments, and enable scientific discovery. The Participants also intend to support the development of the next generation of scientists and engineers. These activities are expected to be supported by aligning efforts in securing technology and supply chains to build a trusted ecosystem for the research, development, and adoption of new quantum technologies.
• Unlocking the Promise of Fusion Energy
  Appreciating the potential for fusion technologies to deliver safe, resilient, and abundant energy, the Participants intend to work together to facilitate a world-leading fusion industrial ecosystem. Areas of collaboration include supply chains for magnets and high-power components, fusion fuel cycle and blanket integration systems, neutronics modeling, and fusion materials. Participants intend to collaborate on fusion research and development, including the JT-60SA test facility, with the goal of supporting the commercial development and deployment of fusion reactors.
• Space
  Recognizing that research and development investments in space, including building capacity for human missions to the Moon and Mars, contribute to civilian mission needs, the Participants intend to continue their strong partnership in civil space and on aeronautics, science, and human exploration. Areas of collaboration include the International Space Station, future Artemis lunar surface exploration missions, and supporting enhancement of commercial space. The Participants intend to encourage further collaborative efforts to mitigate and remediate orbital debris and improve global coordination on space situational awareness.

III. Legal Character
This MOC does not create legally binding rights and obligations under domestic laws of either the United States and Japan or under international law. Nothing in this MOC is intended to affect any existing agreements between the Participants. Cooperation under this MOC is intended to take place within the respective legal framework. Nothing in this MOC commits the Participants to the expenditure of funds. Each of the United States and Japan declares their intention to abide by their respective domestic laws and international law.

IV. Modification and Discontinuation
This MOC becomes operative when both Participants have signed. The Participants may modify this MOC by written decision of both Participants. Either Participant may discontinue this MOC and in such case should provide written notice of discontinuation to the other Participant. The discontinuation is expected to commence on a date mutually determined by the Participants or, if the Participants cannot mutually determine a date, 180 days after the date on which notice of discontinuation is delivered.

The foregoing represents the recognition reached between the Participants on the matters referred to in this MOC.

Signed at Tokyo on October 28, 2025, in duplicate, in the English language.

Whereas, critical minerals and rare earths are essential for the production of advanced technologies;

Whereas, the United States of America (the “United States” or “U.S.”) and Japan (together, the “Participants”) intend to support the supply of raw and processed critical minerals and rare earths crucial to the domestic industries of the United States and Japan;

Whereas, the Participants plan to accomplish this through use of economic policy tools and coordinated investment to accelerate development of diversified, liquid, and fair markets for critical minerals and rare earths;

Whereas, the Participants’ objective is to assist both countries in achieving resilience and security of critical minerals and rare earths supply chains, including mining, separation, and processing;

Whereas, the Participants intend to capitalize on their respective existing mining and processing operations in critical minerals and heavy and light rare earths as well as new capacity;

Whereas, the Participants recognize that this Framework will continue as long as both Participants work in good faith and with a cooperative attitude to strengthen the supply chains between the two countries;

Whereas, the Participants recognize that U.S. and Japanese companies, through upstream to downstream, are implementing concrete projects to establish new and secure supply chains, and welcome the continued advancement of such efforts;

Therefore, the Participants have reached the following recognition on a common policy framework for the mining and processing of critical minerals and rare earths.

Section I

Critical Minerals and Rare Earths

1. Securing supply:  The Participants are intensifying their cooperative efforts to accelerate the secure supply of critical minerals and rare earths necessary to support domestic industries, including advanced technologies and their respective industrial bases, by leveraging policy tools such as the United States’ and Japan’s financial support mechanisms, trade measures where appropriate, and critical minerals stockpiling systems. The participants will intensify efforts to promote dialogue amongst upstream and downstream companies to facilitate the diversification of supply chains.

2. Investment in mining and processing:  The Participants intend to mobilize government and private sector support including for capital and operational expenditures via grants, guarantees, loans, or equity; offtake arrangements; insurance; or regulatory facilitation.

2. Project selection:  The Participants intend to jointly identify projects of interest to address gaps in supply chains for critical minerals and rare earths, including derivative products such as permanent magnets, batteries, catalysts, and optical materials.

2. Financing: In addition to the steps above, within six months of the date of this Framework, the Participants intend to take measures to provide financial support to selected projects to generate end product for delivery to buyers in the United States and Japan and, as appropriate, like-minded countries.

2. Investment support:  The Participants intend to work together to develop new or bespoke mechanisms to mobilize private capital and strengthen critical minerals and rare earths supply chains.

2. Ministerial:  The Participants have decided to promote investment in mining by convening a bilateral Mining, Minerals and Metals Investment Ministerial within 180 days of the date of this Framework within which a dialogue with relevant stakeholders will be held to identify approaches and priorities for investment to meet our joint objectives.

3. Permitting:  The Participants are taking measures to accelerate, streamline, or deregulate permitting timelines and processes, including for permits for critical minerals and rare earths mining, separation, and processing within their respective domestic regulatory systems, consistent with applicable law.

• Fair Competition and Pricing Mechanisms:  The Participants will work to secure their critical minerals and rare earths supply chains by addressing non-market policies and unfair trade practices, including by establishing high-standard marketplaces that reflect the real costs of responsible extraction, processing, and trade of critical minerals and rare earths, and pricing measures to support alternative projects and such high-standard markets, in line with their respective policy tools.  The Participants will work with international partners to advance these intentions.

• Asset Sales:  The Participants commit to work together toward developing new authorities or strengthening existing authorities and diplomatic tools that review and deter critical minerals and rare earths asset sales on national security grounds, in accordance with their respective domestic laws.

• Scrap:  The Participants commit to investing in minerals recycling technologies and to working together to ensure management of critical minerals and rare earth scrap that supports supply chain diversification.

• Third parties:  The Participants intend to work together with other international partners as appropriate to ensure supply chain security and utilize existing engagement mechanisms.

8. Geological mapping:  The Participants intend to cooperate to assist in mapping mineral resources as mutually determined in the United States, Japan, and elsewhere, to support diversified critical mineral and rare earths supply chains.

9. Rapid Response:  The Participants are establishing a U.S.-Japan Critical Minerals Supply Security Rapid Response Group under the leadership of the U.S. Secretary of Energy and the Japanese Minister of Economy, Trade, and Industry, to identify priority minerals and supply vulnerabilities, and develop a coordinated plan to accelerate delivery of processed minerals under this Framework.

10. Stockpiling:  The Participants intend to work together to consider a mutually complementary stockpiling arrangement, utilizing existing national systems in accordance with each country’s regulations.

Section II

General Matters

1. The appropriate authorities of the Participants intend to monitor and review projects identified under Section I, paragraph 2.  The Participants will develop the elements of the project reviews in accordance with their respective domestic laws.

• The Participants plan to meet, virtually or in-person, at the written request of the other Participant within 10 days of the receipt of the request.

• Either Participant may discontinue its participation in this Framework by giving written notification to the other Participant.  Absent notice to the contrary from the discontinuing Participant, this framework would be discontinued on the thirtieth day after the date of receipt of the written notification by the other Participant.

• This Framework sets out a policy and programmatic action plan that does not constitute or create rights or obligations under domestic or international law, does not give rise to any legal process, and does not constitute or create any legally binding or enforceable obligations, express or implied.

Signed in Tokyo this 28th day of October, two thousand and twenty-five.

For the Government of the                              For the Government of Japan:

United States of America:

Donald J. Trump                                                         Takaichi Sanae

President                                                                      Prime Minister

President of the United States of America, Donald J. Trump, and Prime Minister of Japan, Takaichi Sanae, met in Tokyo, Japan, on October 28, 2025.

Recalling the historic Agreement between the United States and Japan on July 22, 2025, followed by the Executive Order 14345, the Joint Statement on the Agreement, as well as the Memorandum of Understanding with respect to strategic investments, announced on September 4, 2025, the two leaders noted with satisfaction swift and continued efforts by both countries, and confirmed their strong commitment to implementing this GREAT DEAL.  The Agreement will help both countries to strengthen economic security, promote economic growth, and thereby continuously lead to global prosperity.

The two leaders instructed relevant ministers and secretaries to take further steps for a NEW GOLDEN AGE of the ever-growing U.S.-Japan Alliance.

Signed in Tokyo this 28th day of October, two thousand and twenty-five.

For the Government of the                           For the Government of Japan:

United States of America:

Donald J. Trump                                           Takaichi Sanae

President                                                        Prime Minister